Acceptance to the Ph.D. program will normally presuppose that the student has met the minimum requirements of the departmental M.A./M.S. program, except for a thesis in the case of students with the M.A./M.S. from a school where no thesis is required. In all cases, at least three full years of study beyond the bachelor's degree are required for admission to candidacy. Each Ph.D. student will be guided in the development of a Preliminary Program of Study tailored to the research interests of the student by an Advisory Committee consisting of at least four professors. A majority of Advisory Committee members must be from Geography. The Chair (the student's major professor) must be a geography Graduate Faculty member, and at least two of the other members of the Committee must be members of the Graduate Faculty. This Committee will work with the student to formulate a satisfactory program that meets the requirements of both the Graduate School and the Department. In the event that a change in a student's Preliminary Program of Study is necessary, it must receive the signature approval of all members of the student's advisory committee. Program of Study. Because the Ph.D. is a research degree, Programs of Study are to be structured with the purpose of facilitating the student's ability to conceive and execute substantive, original research in the field of geography.